Writing
Notes on system design and AI systems: CDNs, Redis, real-time pipelines, voice AI and auth.

Building scalable self-healing AI systems
How to build AI agent pipelines that recover on their own, using durable execution, verification loops, circuit breakers and observability.
Real-time at scale: how distributed systems handle millions of events per second
How real-time systems are built, where they break under load, and how to scale them with Kafka, WebSockets, backpressure and ordering guarantees.
The geography of speed: a developer's guide to CDNs
How CDNs work: edge caching, cutting latency, and three ways to add global asset delivery to a web app.
Redis in distributed system design: rate limiting, locks and queues
Using Redis for more than caching: rate limiting, distributed locks, background jobs, and the trade-offs of each.
Designing a real-time voice AI architecture with WebSockets and LLMs
How WebSockets, streaming speech-to-text, an LLM and text-to-speech fit together to keep voice AI conversations low latency.
Web application firewalls: how a WAF protects modern web apps
What a web application firewall is, where it sits in the stack, which common attacks it stops and how to deploy one.
Making monolithic-first auth work in a split client-server architecture
Why auth systems built for a monolith struggle once the client and server are split, and how a proxy bridges the gap.

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